Undescended Testes
What Are Undescended Testes
Undescended testes, also known as cryptorchidism, is a common congenital anomaly in males, occurring in approximately 1-4% of full-term newborns and up to 45% of premature infants. The condition occurs when one or both of the testes fail to descend into the scrotum and instead remain in the abdominal cavity, inguinal canal, or high in the scrotum. Generally, in cases of undescended testes, it is usually one testicle that hasn't moved to its natural position. However, in rare cases, both testicles may be out of place.
Usually, testicles slowly ascend into position during the last two months of fetal development. Then, in the case of undescended testes, this process is either slowed down or entirely stopped.
Symptoms in Children
The doctor assisting in birth will be able to identify an undescended testicle at birth itself. However, doctors generally wait for the testicle to come into position in the first few months post-birth normally. So if you observe that up to 4 months of age, the testicle still hasn't come into position, it may not happen by itself.
Normally, normally descended testicles may disappear or ascend back during the pre-adolescence stage.
Causes
The exact cause of cryptorchidism is not entirely clear, but it is thought to be related to both genetic and environmental factors. Hormonal imbalances, especially during fetal development, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cryptorchidism Specifically, insufficient production or action of testosterone and insulin-like growth factor 3 (IGF-3) in utero may impair the normal testicular descent into the scrotum Risk factors that may cause this include
Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of cryptorchidism is usually made during a routine physical exam by a pediatrician. First, the doctor will examine the scrotum and groin area to check for the presence of both testes. If one or both testes are not palpable in the scrotum, the doctor may perform an ultrasound to locate them. In some cases, a laparoscopy may be required to locate the undescended testis if it is not found by ultrasound.
Management:
The primary goal of treatment for cryptorchidism is to bring the testes into the scrotum, which is associated with improved fertility and reduced risk of testicular cancer. The timing and approach to treatment depend on the child's age, the location of the undescended testis, and whether one or both testes are affected. Observation may be recommended for boys under six months, as the testes may descend independently (6). However, surgery is usually recommended if the testes remain undescended after six months.
Orchiopexy is the most common surgical procedure used to correct cryptorchidism. It involves locating the testis, moving it into the scrotum, and then fixing it using sutures. The procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia, and the child can usually return home on the same day.
Untreated cryptorchidism can lead to long-term complications, including infertility, testicular cancer, and testicular torsion. Therefore, seeking prompt medical attention is important if you suspect your child has an undescended testis.
When Must You Visit A Doctor?
If your child has had normally descended testes all his life and suddenly notices a change, visit the doctor immediately.
For infants, if the testicles haven't moved into their original position by four months, visit a doctor to get it corrected.
In the case of undescended testes, it is always advisable to seek treatment early on to prevent complications in future.
If you notice any of the above symptoms, booking an online appointment with us is highly recommended. For more urgent appointments, you can also check with the admin assistant; call us on 0280692127.
It is also advised to get your child checked every year. Routine check-ups are a must to track growth & development for the child's overall well-being.
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